I grew up smart in a poor inner city school. I was handed different assignments, different books, and put in different classes. I was never officially put on an IEP. I literally didn’t even hear the term until I was in my 30s and I sure as heck didn’t know what a 504 was. This put me at a significant disadvantage when my oldest started having difficulties at school. I knew something was “wrong” and had many meetings and conversations, but was hazy on what I could and should advocate for because academically, my daughter was performing, but everywhere else she was unraveling.
After two years of being told that there wasn’t a problem and no services were needed (despite a documented ADHD diagnosis and need for counseling), we homeschooled for the next two years. She completed two grades in one year during that time, but continued to spiral socially and emotionally. She was eventually also diagnosed with ASD level 1 and giftedness, also known as 2E (twice exceptional), a category of kids that seems to fall through the cracks of public school support. My daughter has now landed in a private school made just for people like her where she is THRIVING (we’ll save that for another post), but if I had known what support she had access to in public school, things would have been different, and a lot cheaper.
Fast-forward to now and my son was just diagnosed with ADHD. He loves his district school and doesn’t have a desire to move, so I’ve made it my mission to advocate for him and do everything I can to make his love for math and reading survive his diagnosis. And the best way to do that is to get him the support he needs.
If you find yourself in a similar situation, just as lost as I was, here’s a quick and simple guide to get you started:
Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and 504 Plans: What’s the Difference?
An IEP is for kids who need specialized instruction to make progress in school. It’s a legally binding document developed under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
- IEPs can include more than academics. It can cover things like social and life skills, and there’s even a subsection called emotional disturbance (everyone hates the name) and it can give children access to mental health support so they can learn. This can be really helpful during divorce, times of emotional distress, or certain mental health diagnoses.
- IEPs are more comprehensive and provide specific, measurable goals for your child.
- They require a formal evaluation process and must be reviewed annually.
How does one initiate an IEP? This can get tricky.
- The school or the parent can initiate the screenings. DO IT IN WRITING! I made this mistake.
- If you do not agree with the decision, ask for an independent educational evaluation.
- Don’t overlook the emotional disturbance category like I did. Take a look at what falls under this category and advocate for your child as needed. I’m so mad at myself for not knowing about this category when my daughter needed help.
A 504 plan provides accommodations to ensure your child has equal access to education, but it does not include specialized instruction. It’s based on Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which is a civil rights law.
- Unlike IEPs, which end at high school graduation, 504 plans can provide accommodations in higher education.
- 504 plans are more flexible and can be easier to obtain for children who don’t need specialized instruction but still need support.
- They can cover a wider range of disabilities, including temporary conditions.
How to initiate a 504 plan?
- Get a diagnosis (see your pediatrician first if you don’t know where to start).
- Inform the school
- Request a 504 Meeting
- Advocate
What I’ve learned through this process:
- Trust your instincts: If you feel something isn’t right with your child’s education, keep pushing for answers and support.
- Talk to other parents: We were new to the state and I didn’t know what I didn’t know. Talking with other ASD and ADHD parents has led me to so many more resources. Some even monetarily.
- Document everything: Keep a record of all communications, meetings, and observations. This can be so crucial when holding the schools accountable.
Navigating IEPs and 504 plans can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re new to it all. Trust me, I’m there. But remember, you’re not alone, and you are your child’s best advocate.
Whether you’re dealing with ADHD, ASD, giftedness, or any other learning difference, there are resources and support systems available. It might take some time and effort to find the right fit, but it’s worth it to see your child thrive.
